Internal-combustion engine



Patented Nov. 21, 1922 8 SHEETS-SHEET l.

NVENTOR.

W. W. CUNNERS.

INTERNAL coNBusTloN ENGINE.

.:NNPNINN 35 5.3 lillill? n. Illlll---m lllllllllllll NVIINTOR.

W. W. CONNERS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. I9, I9I9.

INVENTOR. v what Patented Nov. 21, 1922.

W. w. GONNE-Rs.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGNE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19

Patented Nov. 21, 1922.

W. W. CONNERS..

INTERNAL` COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. I9, 1919.

9m MM 2A. m wm l Nm W. W. CONNERS.

INTERNAL COMBUSTIONENGINE'.'

APPLICATION FILED MAR. I9, |919.

1,436,484. Patented Nov. 21, 1922.

F, 9 B SHEETS-SHEET 5- 0 5 7' INvE'NToR w. w. CONNERS.

. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAILI9. 1919.

Patented Nov. 21, 1922.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 7- l/V VEN TOR.

WMM@

W. W.ECONNERS. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

v APPLICATION man 111111.19. 1919.

1,436,434. Patented Nov. 21, 1922. y'

l' NVENTOR.

Patented Nov. 2l, lg.

Warren w. commas, or ELIZABETH, NEW innert?.

INTERNAL-'COMBUSTION ENGINE.

application mea narcn ia, 1919. serial No. 283,640.

t@ in gas engines of the internal combustion type in which certain novel features are involved which tend toward maximum mechanical and thermal efficiency, reliability, economic cost of production and desirableness.

@ne of the lobjects ot this invention is to provide an engine in which the piston actu ating means have reciprocatory, Without oscillatory, motion. i

A second object of this invention is to provide an engine as described in which bal= anced harmonic action of the reciprocating parts will result from the particular an rangement hereinafter disclosed, thereby 5 reducing vibration and increasing the niechanical and thermal etliciency.

A. third object oi? this invention is to pron vide an engine ot the character described in which the reciprocating parts are formed of a minimumy Weight'ot material thereby reducing the inertia, friction and `vvear and the consequent strains 'and stresses, allowing higher speed; thus decneasingheat 'ab-serp v tion by the parts and increasing the thermal efficiency of the engine.-

A fourth object is to provide an internal combustion engine in `Which the piston Walls are released of all mechanical lateral strain.

l lifth object is to provide an engine as described, of such construction and arrangen ment as Will allow of simple and eilicient lubrication oit all the parts, producing man inium lubrication with minimum consump tion of lubricant.

rl sixth object is to provide, in an engine as described, a means whereby a super charge of combustion fluid or air is inducted into the combustion chambers to increase or noia: with the usual charge ordinarily inducted, thus increasing the explosive force and producing thereby greater e? ency and flexibility, particularly when the engine operating under rareed atmospheric condi tions, or under variable loads.

l seventh object is the particular ineens hereinafter disclosed for lubricating the pS- ton through the medium of a lubricant charged air drawn from the crank case durlng a predetermined stroke of the piston, as Willrbe hereinafter fully disclosed. 4

An eighth object is to provide an engine of the character described in which the various members are so constructed and arranged andl so function that the cylinders and pistons may readily be located, with re- 65 spect to the crank shaft, at any angle desired for any particular purpose.

A ninth object is to provide an internal combustion engine in which the duration of time of ignition action of the spark on the 7@ combustible elements, ismaterially diminished over the usual time whereby life and ciliciency are greater and in which there is provided 'a means or system of ignition whereby a single ignition unit is adapted 75 to serve a plurality of explosive or combustion chambers.

A tenth object is to provide an engine embodying .the various features mentioned in which the operative members are so dis! posed, with respect to one another, that the vibrations due from the action of the explosives are resolved into a circular motion consistent with the rotation of the shalt.

An eleventh object ot this invention is to provide an engine in which various Jfundamental bearing surfaces are so constructed and disposed that they may be eliiciently lubricated and cooled.

A tvveliith object is to provide an engine in which. there is provided a. means or system `whereby a single unit or' parts and valves 'is adapted to serve a plurality oi cylinders.

'A 'thirteenth object is to provide kan enn @5 gine in which the reciprocating and rotating parte are so constructed and disposed that perfect mechanical and pressure balance resuits.

of the character described in which the nonv explosive side of the piston 1s adapted to 105 power, whereby reliability and. mechanical and thermal efficiency are 1n .A sixteenth o` i lc is to provide a valve A. 'fourteenth object is to provide an enle@ l or controlling air and il@ combustion elements which would consume minimum of driving power and be reliable, positive and eilicient in action, self alining and adjusting. l

A seventeenth object is to for establishing .and 'controlling communication from one side of Apiston to opposite side.

An eighteenth object is to provide means whereby .the function of the auxiliary supercharge air and combustion elements and their controlling means are independent of the usual functions of an engine.

A nineteenth object is to provide means for oiling cylinder and piston independently of other parts.

The twentieth object is to provide an engine whereby the supercharge airv and combustion elementsmay be used to further increase the\usual range of power` and flexibility.

A further object is to provide an engine of the character described, embodying the various features mentioned, and of such simple and durable construction -as will tend towards minimum wear and longevity of the parts.

Another object is to provide an engine of the character described in which the 4aforesaid reciprocating parts, passages, ports and other rotating or moving members are so arranged as to admit of the embodiment of a maximum of anti-friction bearing members thereby reducing'l the friction of the said moving members to a minimum, life and reliability. f

A further'object is to provide an engine of the character described in which certain air cooling elements are provided 'in addition to 4the water jacket ordinarily provided.

A further obj'ect is to provide an internal combustion engine embodying parts, so designed that they are readily interchanged with rone another, thereby producing an engine comprising a small variety of parts with obvious advantages.

How these'objectsas well as others `hereinafter disclosed are attained will be explained in the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, which form a part of these specifications and-in which i Figure l is a vertical sectional View taken approximately on the line 1-1 of Figures 2, 3 and 4 and looking in the direction indicated by 'the arrows shown:

Figure 2 is an elevation, taken at right angles to the View shown in Figure 1, looking in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 1- and showing a portion of the casing removed, therebybetter illustrating the crank shaft and piston connections;

Figure 3 is an elevation of the side opposite that shown in Figure 2 and shown a rovide means Vvalve-drum and increasing A part of the casing removed to better illus-` trate the driving shaft, valves and connections;

Figure 4 is a plan View having parts of the casing broken away to better illustrate the valves, cams and connections hereinafter fully described;

Figure 5 is an enlarged vertical section of the' portion through'the valve-drum and upper cylinder head takenion line 5-5 of Figure 4 and lookingin the direction in dicated; Figure 6 is a plan, in section, taken on line 6 6 of Figure 5;

Figure 7 is a plan, in section, through the art of the casing taken on line 7-7 of Flgure 5; Figure 8 is an enlarged perspective View of the main valve-drum showing'the intake and exhaust passages formed therein:

Figure 9 is aside elevation partly broken away of a modified form of bearing and crank connection with sliding beam;

Figure 10 is a section through same taken approximately on line 10-10 of Figure 9 in the direction indicated by4 arrows and showing a portion of the crank and its relaf tive position therewith; I

Figure 11 is a plan view of a portion df a spring compression packing ring hereinafter more fully described;

Figure 12 is an elevation, in part, of same;

Figure 13 is a section of same taken on line1313 of Figure 11, looking in the direct-ion indicated by the arrows shown;

Figure 14 is a v1ew, partly in section, of

a'carburetter employed as a mixing means for the superinduced charge of combustion fluid, hereinafter more fully described` Figure 15 is an elevation of a sixteen cylinder engine embodying( the principles of this invention. p

Figure- 16 is an end view of same partly in section..

Figures 17, 18, 19, 20l and 21 are diagram- I matical views showing relative positions of the"valves, passages and pistons during the various cycles of operation, and show the operation of the valve controlling the superinduced charge of combustion Huid;

Figures 22 and 23 are diagrammaticalviews illustrating the cycles of operation and hereinafter more fully described.

The drawings disclose an engine of the four-cycle type Vand the description will be applied to that particular type, but it will be obvious, as the invention is disclosed, that same is not limited thereto.

Further it has been elected to show anu describe a four-cylinderengine but it will be noted from the description that with slight detail modifications' any number of cylinders or single cylinder may be employed.

Various idetails essential to the operation of the `engine but ynot necessarily forming a Ipart of this invention are not shown but which -are of any approved type or form of.J

construction. (4) designates the pistons having the piston rods (5) rigidly attached 4thereto and operating through the cylinder heads (6). Any approved form packing (7) being provided to ensure a tight contact through the heads (6).

The piston rods (5), terminate in the cross bars or beams (8) which. in turn engage the crank beams (9). The said crank beams (9) are provided'with the groove formations (10) which are adapted to engage the aforesaid beams (8) and permitl same to slide thereon. The crank beams (9) are further provided with slot formations (91) (Figure 2) through which guide rods (81) engage. The said guide rods (81) are se-4 cured in suitable manner, to the casing and engage through the cross bars (8) to act as guides for said cross bars (8) and take -up the lateral thrust.

Attached to the said crank beam (9) and held thereon by means of the bearing caps (11) are bearings (12) (Figure 2) which engage the crank formations on the crank shafts (13) and the said crank shafts (13) engage within the bearings (14) and (15). The bearings (14) are 'formed upon the main casing or housing (16) to which the aforesaid cylinders (1) are securely attached while the bearings' (13) are formed upon the casing member (17) which is secured to the casing (16) by means of screws (18).

Covering members (19) and (20) are provided and are attached to the casing member (17) bymeans of the screws (21) and to the casing-by means of the screws (22). End closin lmembers (23) are attached to the casing 16) by means of the screws (24).

Attached to the crank-shafts (13) and adapted to rotate with them are beveled gears (25) which in turn lengage to drive the bevel gears (26) which are attached to a driving shaft (27). The said driving shaft (27) is mounted upon the casing (16), rof tates, within the bearings (28) and is held therein by the bearing caps (29).

Valve members (30) hereinafter termed the valve-drnms are rotatably mounted in close juxtaposition to the contracted ends or necks (2) of the cylinders. (1) and are held in place thereon by means of the shells or housings (31) whichare in turn suitably secured to the cylinders. The said housings (3l) are provided with the exhausts or outlets (32) and fuel inlets (33) which are suitably attached to the valve housings (31) as shown.

Each valve-drum (30) is formed with an.

exhaust passage and port, (34) (Figure 7), an inlet passage and port (35), and auxiliary passage and port (36) for directing the v I flow of a superinduced charge of combustion fluid and auxiliary air inlets (37) the func: tion and operation of each of which will be further on more fully explained.

Extending laterally from and forming a part of the housings (31) and positioned preferably diametrically opposite one another are carburetters (38) and mixing chambers (39) (Figures 5 and 14). Each of the said carburetters (38) are provided with the usual float valve (40), fuel inlet (41) and outlet (42) which terminates in the needle valve (43). The said needle valve (43) is regulated by means of the needle (44) in conjunction with the lever (45) fulcrumed at (46) and operated .through any suitable means or by hand, from the end (47). A butterfly valve (48) of the regulation type is suitably connected to the lever (45) and operates for the purpose hereinafter described.

Extending from each of the mixing cha1n bers (39) and forming a part thereof are the conveyor pipes (49) which terminate at and connect with the conducting passages (50) formed in the casing `(16) which passages (50) in turn, connect with the packets (51') formed upon the said crank casing (16) and extending through portion of same to the openings or passages (52) in the cylinder heads (6) thereby establishing normal communication between the ends of the cylinders adjacent the/crank casing and the aforesaid mixing chambers (39). vAt pre-- members (58) in turn rigidly mounted upon` the cam shaft (59). The saidcam shaft (59) is revolved through the medium of the gear (60) ,mounted on saint-.cam shaft, and the gears (61 and 62) (Figures 3 and 4) mounted upon arshaft. (63) -(whose additional function will hereinafter be ex-y plained) andthe gear (64) mounted upon thevaforesaid/driving shaft (27 On the' opposite side a similar operation.

takes place with Isimilar parts but with the difference that the said parts while functioning in the same manner, are of slightly different shape and with respect to their relative positions, a little differently arranged. In view of this difference, the corresponding parts are given a similar reference nume-ral with the prime added up to and including (59) (Figures 1 and 4). The cam shaft (591) is driven by means of a gear (67) secured thereon (Figure 4) and in turn rotated by means of the gear (68) mounted upon one of the aforesaid crank shafts (13) (Figures l and 4).

'A gear (69) is mounted upon the said cam shaft (591) and engages a gear (70) to rotate a shaft (631) whose function is similar to that of shaft (63) which function will presently be described.

The valve-drums (30) heretofore mentioned, are given their necessary rotary motion by means of the said shafts (63) and (631) operating in conjunction with gears (7l) thereon (Figure 7), idlers (72) and gears (73) secured to the said valvedrums (30) by means of screws (74) (Figure 5). One end of the hub of the said gears (73) extends through an opening (75) in the said valve-drums (30). The said gears (71, 72, and 73) are enclosed and held by cover plates (76) which are attached to the cylinder heads in any approved manner, and the said cover plates (76) are provided with srjittble bearings, not shown, for the idler 2 Attached to the said cover plates (7 6), by means of nutsl (77) are spindles (78) (Figure 5) which are provided or formed with annularly projecting ledges or shelves (79) and which are fastened, at their outer ends, to the aforesaid housings (31) by means of set screws (80); the said spindles (78) are thereby held against rotation with the valvedrum (30) but form a contact with the base plate of the said valve-drum (30) through t(he)medium of the anti-friction bearings F astened to the upper side of the' said l ledges (79) formed upon the said spindles (78) and securely held thereon by any suitable means are rings (82) of .any suitable electric insulating material upon which, in

turn are secured electric contact rings or members (83) which are adapted to engage the brushes (85) during the rotation of the valve-drums (30) and the attached said electric contact members (83).

The said electric contact members (83) or commutator rings, as-they might obviously be termed, are fed by means of electric conductorsv (84) which pass through the hollow portion at the outer end of the said spindles (7 8) and which supplies current, at predetermined intervals, from any suitable source, not shown,

The intermittent current from the commutators (83) is taken up by the brushes or contact arms (85) which are attached to and supply electric fiuid to the spark plugs (86) located within and turning with the valve-drums It will be noted that a portion of the wall of the exhaust chambers of the valve-drum (30) (Figure 5) is broken away to better disclose the spark plug (86).

The openings (37) in the said valve-drum 30), heretofore mentioned, coincide, at regular intervals, with openings (87) in each of the aforesaid valve-drum housings (31).

The combustion fluid inlets (33) shown, are provided, in the regular manner, with any approved form of carburetters, mixing chambers and source of supply and the exhausts (32) shown on the drawings are connected inthe regular way to any suitable mufiier or other means of conducting exhaust. But as these various units do not form a part of the invention herewith disclosed, they are not shown.

To insure a maximum tight joint between the valve-drum (30) and cylinder ends (2) with a minimum amount of friction tothe rubbing parts, lthere is provided a specially formed and constructed spring packing ring (88), (Figures 5, 11, 12 and 13). The said ring (88) is formed by the annular segmental members (89) whose cross section is the double Z formation clearlyv shown in Figure 13. The said segments, (89) are in tegrally held together by means of abase member 90 and are formed by means of radial cuts (91) arranged in staggered formation around the ring. v

Suitable packing rings are provided throughout wherever itis necessary to assure a tight joint but the above mentioned mately one quadrant along the periphery ofA the drum and extends vertically through the drum as clearly shown in Figures 7 and 8,

while the intake compartment (35) is 'i formed with one opening along the upper side of the drum (30) and extends part way v along the periphery over the auxiliary passage (36) and down to its opening in the base of the drum as shown in F lgure 8.

The auxiliary passage (36) extends from the tion (4) (Figures 1 'and 2); the relative position of the inlet chamber (35) in valvedrum (30) being as shown in diagram (F igure 19) at the beginning of the intake stroke; (the pistons in the cylinders diagonally opposite each other, operating in unison). Assuming now, that the pistons have completed their intake stroke as indicated in diagram (Figure 20) it will be noted that the superinduced charge from the mixing chamber (39) herenbefore mentioned and described, is entering the combustion chamber of the cylinder through the valve chamber (36), immediately following the induction of the regularA charge.

As the return stroke develops the combustion chamber closes and compression begins yand continues to the end of the said return stroke when compression is complete. lgnition through the spark plug (86) takes place, shortly'before the completion of compression, and combustion continues during about 150 lof the revolution of the crank shaft beyond the dead-center line. The resultant combustion drives the piston again in the direction of the first mentioned movement to drive the crank-shaft (13).

llt will be noted here, that as the said return or compression develops the aforesaid valves (53), operated by means of the cams 58 and 581 and their cani shafts 59 and591 (Figure 20) open to' allow the pistion, to' draw the oil-saturated air from the crank case into the cylinder at the crarlkcasing end to lubricate their yWalls and thereby in turn lubgcate the pistons and i piston rods and as the combustion stroke following takes place the said air is returned to the crank-case or other-Wise through the said valve (53) which closes at the completion of the said combustion stroke (Figures 17 and 18).

(It will also be noted at this point that the piston heads (93) operating in the cylinders adjacent to the two cylinders; above describedoperate in their turn in a similar manner and order, and by means of the same valve and ignitionunits as those employed in the cylinders just described with the difference that the pistons in the two f sets of cylinders function alternately, that is, when combustion charges arebeing exploded against the piston heads (92) the piston-heads (93) are inducting explosive charges into their chambers and vice versa).

meegaat The continuation of the movement, after the combustion stroke above mentioned, brings the exhaust compartment (34) ofthe valve-drum (30) into alignment with'the cylinders to receive the spent gases which are forced out of the cylinders by the action of the said piston heads (92) thus completing the fourth cycle. The operation is now repeated and continues as already mentioned.

Figure 19 shows the completion of the ex-` hausting movement, but during Vthis said exhaust movementof the piston, cooling air is drawn into the crank side of the cylinders .through the conducting pipes (49), ports (391) formed in the valve-drum (30), and auxiliary air inlets (37) in said valvedrums, (Figures 19, 5 and 8). By the return movement of the pistons toward the crank` compartment this air is forced out of the cylinders into the conductors (49) Where it may escape thru valve 48 ig. 14 or it may be directed into aforesaid mixing chambers (39) where it is enriched by a mixture of conibustiblefluid through the medium of the carburetters (38) already described. (Figures 5 and 14). This compressed air is confined in the said chamber until it is inducted into the combustion chamber of the cylinders through the auxiliary passages (36) (Figures 20 and 21).

.Figures 22 and 23 graphically illustrate the various movements and functions, in degrees of arc of the crank shaft, during the 4 strokes comprising a complete operation of each set of cylinders, their pistons and connections. v

In Figure 22 it will be seen, by comparison with the other diagrams on the sheet,

that the intake consumes an arc of approximately 180 beginning about 10 beyond dead-center line,indicated,on the diagrams by the vertical dotted and dash line. The super-charge is then inducted through an arc equal, approximately, to 40 after which compression consumes the remaining arc of 130.

This embraces the first half ofa complete operation, continuing and referring to Figure 23 it is noted that ignition, beginning shortly before completion of compression and expansion due to combustion, 150 ov the arc and represents conversion to work. rPhe exhaust consumesan are of 220, after which the intake ports come into alignment again, and the operation as indicated is repeated. Y

The super charge of combustion elements may be employed as a means to give an engine functioning on the ordinary single induction principal'and compression an overload capacity, without increasing the usual temperatures, pressures and strains. This is accomplished by regulating the time of the ignition of the combustion elements so that the maximum' pressure of the burning elej ments will not be realized yuntil the movement of the piston on its power stroke has increased the volume of the combustion chamber to such extent that it will offset the increase in ressure of the burning elements l caused by t e'addition of the super charge combustion elements. p

In Figures 9 and 10, there is shown a modified form of crank and crank beam connection. In this formI the crank` member rides in the bearing collar (94) suitably held within a split and floating annular housing (95) which is in turn held within the bushing formation (96) upon thecrank beam (97). The said' crank beam is made up of twosections held together by means of the bolts (98), and nuts (99), while a spacer y upon the piston rod (105) and through the said shank (104), holds the mentioned members together by means of its nut (110). The contacting 'surfaces of the head of the bolt v(108) and the block (109) are ball shaped as shown in Figure 9. v

The housing(95)is formed with lugs(111) which engage in recees (112) having proper clearance to afford the said housing (95) movement in a direction parallel to the axis of the said crank beam (97). The aforesaid ball joint connection of the piston rod to the cross bar provides flexibility and thus prevents binding at that point thereby relieving the piston operated means of an undue strain when the floating bearing or housing 95 moves out of alignment.

This modified construction is particularly applicable to a form of engine in whichthe cylinders are disposed in pairsl directly opposite one another, and in which the two op osing cylinders have acommon axis.

guch an arrangement is yclearly shown in Figures 15 and 16 in whicha sixteen cylinder engine is illustrated and in which various parts 'and members, although slightly differing in shape and arrangement, function *and operate similarly to the corresponding parts shown in the other views and heretofore described. For this reason the parts have been designated by corresponding numerals having a dash prefix.

It is obvious that various other modifications may be embodied in this invention without departing yfrom the spirit of same; it will thereforeibe understood that the invention is not limited to the particular construction shown.`

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent, is

.1. In an internal combustion engine, a crank shaft having oppositely disposed cranks, pairs of parallel cylinders on opposite sides of said lcrank shaft and having 'their axes arranged in a plane transverse ,pistons in said cylinders, means to connect the pistons of eac pair of cylinders together to hold said pistons to move in unison and m the same direction;` connections between the -last mentioned means andthe crank shaft,

and valve and ignition means forsaid cylinders.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a crank shaft having oppositely dlsposed cranks, pairs of.. parallel cylinders on opposite sides of said' crank shaft yand having their axes arranged in a plane transverse and perpendicular to the axis of the crank shaft, pistons in said cylinders, a connection between the pistons of each pair of cylinders and one of the cranks, and valve and ignitionV means for said cylinders constructed and arranged to effect substantially equal pressures in opposite directions on said crank shaft 1n all stages of operation.

4. In an internal combustion engine, a crank shaft having 4oppositely disposed cranks, pairs of parallel cylinders on opposite sides of said crank shaft and having their axes arranged in a plane transverse an perpendicular to the axis of the crank shaft,

`pistons in said c linders, ymeans to connect the pistons of eac pair of cylinders together to hold lsaid pistons move in unison and in the same direction, connections between the last mentioned means and the crank shaft, and valve and ignition means for said cylinders, constructed and arranged to effect substantially equal pressures in opposite directions on said crank shaft in all stages of operation.

5, In an internal combustion engine, a crank shaft having oppositely disposed cranks, pairs of parallel cylinders on opposite sides of said crank shaft, pistons in said cylinders, a connection between the pistons of each pair and one of the cranks, a single valve and ignition means for the two cylinders of each pair and an operative connection between the crank shaft and the valve and ignition means.

6. `In an internal ycombustion engine, a crank shaft 'having oppositely disposed cranks, pairs of parallel cylinders onI opposite sides of said crank shaft, pistons inv said cylinders, a connection between the pistions of each pair and one of the'cranks, a single valve and ignition means for the two cylinders of each pair and an operative connection between the crank shaft and the Avalve and ignition means, said valve and ignition means being constructed and arranged to effect the control of the combusible fluids whereby to produce substantially equal pressures in` opposite directions on opposite sides of'y the crank shaft in all stages of operation.

7. In an internal combustion en ine, a crank shaft having oppositely dlsposed cranks,`a pair of parallel cylinders on each side of said crank shaft, pistons in' said cylinders, a connectionbetween each pair of pistons and one crank of the shaft, means for supplying a normal charge ofcombus.- tible fluid to said cylinders, other means for supplying a supercharge of combustible fluid to said cylinders, a single valve and ignition lmeans for the two cylinders of the pair-to control the disposition and ignition of the fluid charges therein, and an operative connection between the crank shaft and valve and ignition means.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a crank shaft having oppositely disposed cranks, pairs of parallel cylinders on opposite sides of saidcrank shafts, pistons in said cylinders, a connection between each pair' of pistons and one crank of the shaft,V

means for supplying a normal charge of combustible fluid to said cylinders, other means for supplying a supercharge of combu'stiible fluid ftol said cylinders, :a single valve and ignition means for the two cylinders of each pair to control the disposition and ignitionl of the fluid charges therein, and an operative connection between thecrank shaft and valve and ignition mea s, said valve and ignition means being constructed and arranged to effect the control of the combustible fluids whereby to produce substantially equal pressures in opposite direc'- tions on opposite sides of the crank shaft in all stages of operation.

9. In an internal combustion engine, a

closed end forming an intake and compres-J sion chamber, valves controlling the passage of combustible into and out of said chamber, means controlled by-one of said valves affording communication between the chamber and the opposite end of the cylin der, valve controlled passage of lubricant from the crank case to the chamber and passage of used lubricant from said chamber, and operating devices for said valves actuated from the crank shaft and arranged `-to alternate the admission and expulsion of combustible and lubricant to and from the chamber.

1l. In an rinternal combustion engine, a pair of cran shafts arranged side by side, beams connecting the cranks of said shafts in pairs, cylinders adjacent the crank shafts, and having parallel axes arranged in a planecutting the axes of the crank shafts and perpendicular thereto, a`piston in each cylinder, and piston rods carried by said pistons and each having sliding connections with a respective beam.,` v

12. In an internal q/ombustion engine, a pair of crank shafts arranged side by side, beams connecting the cranks of said shafts in pairs, gearing connecting said crank shafts, said cylinders having parallel axes lying in a plane cutting the axes of the crank shaftsv and perpendicular thereto, cylinders adjacent the crank shafts, a piston in each cylinder, and piston rods carried by said pistons and each having sliding connections with a respective beam.

Signed at Elizabeth, in the county of Union and State of New Jersey, this day of March A. D. 1919.

WALTER W. ooNNERs.

Witnesses HAVEN J. BURNS, MARY IF. MCCARTNEY- 

